A. Title
Symbolism
on Ernest Hemingway’s Short Story Hills Like White Elephants
B. Background of the Research
Literature is one of the beautiful art. Through the work of people can
pour out all the emotions, thoughts,
and experience. Some of them are works of literature: poetry, drama,
prose, and short stories.
Short story is a short
piece of fiction aiming at unity of characterization, theme, and effect. It can
be read at a single sitting, combine matter of fact description with poetic
athmosphere, and present a unified of temper, tone, colour, and effect. To
convey the contents of the story, the author does not always use the denotative
expression, but also conotative expression includes the use of symbols.
Symbol in a story is an object that represents its owner’s
character or situation, or both, whereas symbolism
is a literary technique that add meaning to a short story by using an event or
object as a symbol to represent something else. Symbolism is the
use of symbols to signify the ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic
meanings that are different from their literal sense.
In this research I intend to analyze the
symbol an its meaning which occur in the short story of Ernest Hemingway entitled Hills Like White Elephant.
Hills like white elephants is one of the popular work of Ernest Hemingway. The story
tells about two couple who is on trouble because of the girl’s pregnancy. The
girl asks for the man’s responsibillity about that.
C. Research Question
The study will attempt to
answer the following research question. How the symbols give meaning to that story?
D. Research Objective
The purpose of this study
is to explain the meaning and the contribution of symbol which is used for the
whole story.
E. Benefits of the Research
From this analysis I can
give full meaning of the whole text by showing the meaning of symbol that is
used. For student of literature, this study will open their mind to make them sensitize that to interpret the
story is not just read over and over again, but also learn more about the
content in the story.
F. Review of Related Literature
The short story contains of: theme, plot, characters, motifs and symbols. To interpret a short story there are two ways. Those are implicit and explicit meaning. Implicit meaning is the meaning that we could get from reading the story in general, whereas the explicit
meaning can we find after we learn the content in the story more deeply. Learn the symbols used in the story go round one way to get
the explicit meaning of the story.
To get the explicit meaning
of Hills Like White Elephants
story, it is emphasized on the aspect of its used of symbol. In this, it is
intended to analyze the meaning of that symbol in its influence to the whole
story.
It was considered that the
most appropiate theory to be used here is mimetic theory as a theory that emphasized
on the meaning of symbol.
G. Research Design
H. Objects of the Research
The object of the research is a short story entitled Hills Like White Elephant by Ernest
Hemingway.
I. Research Instruments
In this
study, the data is classified into two types, the primary data and the
secondary data. The primary data were the object analyzed namely
Hills Like White Elephant by Ernest Hemingway. The data available in
this text were in the forms of phrases, sentences and the explicit or implicit
utterance found in this short story. The
secondary data are taken from books, dictionary, and internet websites which
are related to the research.
J. Data Collection Techniques
The data
are analyzed into three steps. The first step is classifying
the data based on the important data itself. And
then interpreting the data whether the data is suitable or not with my
analysis. For the last step is analyzing the data based on the theory and
concept in theoretical framework and then, the writer evaluates the data. After
accomplishing all of steps the writer can compile the conclusion.
K. Data Analysis Technique
The data analysis technique that we used in this research proposal
is Descriptive Qualitative Technique. Collecting the data by descriptive
qualitative technique in which we describe what kinds of approaches we use in
this research.
L. Biblioraphy
