MID Test Academic Writing (Proposal)

A.    Title

Symbolism on Ernest Hemingway’s Short Story Hills Like White Elephants

B.     Background of the Research

Literature is one of the beautiful art. Through the work of people can pour out all the emotions, thoughts, and experience. Some of them are works of literature: poetry, drama, prose, and short stories.

Short story is a short piece of fiction aiming at unity of characterization, theme, and effect. It can be read at a single sitting, combine matter of fact description with poetic athmosphere, and present a unified of temper, tone, colour, and effect. To convey the contents of the story, the author does not always use the denotative expression, but also conotative expression includes the use of symbols.

Symbol  in a story is an object that represents its owner’s character or situation, or both, whereas symbolism is a literary technique that add meaning to a short story by using an event or object as a symbol to represent something else. Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify the ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense.

  In this research I intend to analyze the symbol an its meaning which occur in the short story of Ernest Hemingway entitled Hills Like White Elephant.

Hills like white elephants is one of the popular work of Ernest Hemingway. The story tells about two couple who is on trouble because of the girl’s pregnancy. The girl asks for the man’s responsibillity about that.

C.    Research Question

The study will attempt to answer the following research question. How the symbols give meaning to that story?

D.    Research Objective

The purpose of this study is to explain the meaning and the contribution of symbol which is used for the whole story.

E.     Benefits of the Research

From this analysis I can give full meaning of the whole text by showing the meaning of symbol that is used. For student of literature, this study will open their mind  to make them sensitize that to interpret the story is not just read over and over again, but also learn more about the content in the story.

F.     Review of Related Literature

The short story contains of: theme, plot, characters, motifs and symbols. To  interpret a short story there are two ways. Those are implicit and explicit meaning. Implicit meaning is the meaning that we could get from reading the story in general, whereas the explicit meaning can we find after we learn the content in the story more deeply. Learn the symbols used in the story go round one way to get the explicit meaning of the story.

To get the explicit meaning of  Hills Like White Elephants story, it is emphasized on the aspect of its used of symbol. In this, it is intended to analyze the meaning of that symbol in its influence to the whole story.

It was considered that the most appropiate theory to be used here is mimetic theory as a theory that emphasized on the meaning of symbol.

G.    Research Design

H.    Objects of the Research

            The object of the research is a short story entitled Hills Like White Elephant by Ernest Hemingway.

I.       Research Instruments

In this study, the data is classified into two types, the primary data and the secondary data. The primary data were the object analyzed namely Hills Like White Elephant by Ernest Hemingway. The data available in this text were in the forms of phrases, sentences and the explicit or implicit utterance found in this short story. The secondary data are taken from books, dictionary, and internet websites which are related to the research.

J.      Data Collection Techniques

The data are analyzed into three steps. The first step is classifying the data based on the important data itself. And then interpreting the data whether the data is suitable or not with my analysis. For the last step is analyzing the data based on the theory and concept in theoretical framework and then, the writer evaluates the data. After accomplishing all of steps the writer can compile the conclusion.

K.    Data Analysis Technique

The data analysis technique that we used in this research proposal is Descriptive Qualitative Technique. Collecting the data by descriptive qualitative technique in which we describe what kinds of approaches we use in this research.

L.     Biblioraphy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hills_Like_White_Elephants

http://literarydevices.net/symbolism/

News item

Court for the Old Woman, the Cassava Thief

In the court room hearing, the judge Marzuki sat stunned listening PU prosecution against a grandmother accused of stealing cassava, argued that grandmother was poor, her son sick, and grandson of hunger . But the manager of PT X ** (Y ** group) remained in demand, in order to set an example for the other citizens. Judge Marzuki sighed, he cut out the prosecution PU, 'excuse me', he said, looking The grandmother. “I cannot make a legal exception; the law's the law, so you should be punished. I find you 1 milion dollars and if you are not able to pay, you have to go to jail 2.5 years, as the prosecution PU“.  The grandmother was bowed sluggish, his heart shattered, while the judge Marzuki removing the cap, opened his wallet and then took the money and enter a number 1 milion rupiah into the hat and said to the audience. "I on behalf of the court also fined each person who attended this session at Rp 50.000, since settling in this city, which let someone starving to have to steal to feed his grandson.” Mr. Marzuki ask the clerk to help him, “Please collect the fine in my hat and give all the proceeds to the defendant." Until the judge hammer and Marzuki leave courtroom, he went away. and the grandma pocketing money Rp 3,500.000. Including Rp 50.000 reply paid by the manager of PT X ***. He blush for having prosecution.

Analytical exposition

Rubbish

                Rubbish is waste material derived from animals, plants and humans that are not used. Rubbish can be organic and non-organic. Rubbish has becomes a major problem while back in Indonesia, especially the big cities.
                Indonesia's population is very large, and every day they must dispose of rubbish. And because they live in a big city, they often careless of rubbish and cause environmental pollution. Waste the rubbish in rivers causing pollution of river water, blockage of river water flow, and the silting of the river. Therefore, every rainy season, in the big cities is always flood.
               If the rubbish is burned, it will cause air pollution. The smoke of burning will disturb the surrounding environment and the people who were passing. Substances contained in the smoke will also erode the ozone layer.
              Recycling method is not effective, because the fact that not all rubbish can be recycled. For example, a scavenger only take plastic bottles, while he left  the other rubbish.
              Until now, the rubbish is still a big problem in our environment. To overcome this problem have not found a solution that fits. What should we do for the cleanliness of our environment, while the human needs are still go on?

Review

Avatar

By. James Cameron

               Avatar is a 2009 American epic science fiction film directed, written, co-produced, and co-edited by James Cameron, and starring Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, Michelle Rodriguez, Joel David Moore, Giovanni Ribisi, and Sigourney Weaver.
The film is set in the mid-22nd century, when humans are mining a precious mineral called unobtanium on Pandora, a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system. The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na'vi – a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The film's title refers to a genetically engineered Na'vi body
              A former Marine named Jake limping selected to join the Avatar program and sent to another planet called Pandora. In Pandora, which is a Na'vi tribe living primitive animals are similar and have the ability as human beings. Na'vi tribe considers that the arrival of humans the earth as a threat, then the war broke out between the human world with Na'vi tribe. Because humans can not breathe earth directly on the planet Pandora, then Jake was changed to a figure like a tribe of Na'vi in order to mingle. Jake also explore the planet Pandora, after meeting with a woman named tribe Na'vi Neytiri, Jake fell in love with her. Finally, Jake is faced with a confused where he must decide which side should be defended, as both a determinant of the fate of the earth and tribal Na'vi.
              The film "Avatar the Movie" by director James Cameron is inviting a lot of admiration from the audience. Avatar is a semi-real film, meaning that part using 3D animation. Although 3D animation in some scenes look cheap (obviously animated), but I think it is not too disturbing film Avatar as a whole.
I think it's very amazing film I have ever seen. There are no major plot holes I could see. The technology is brilliant and used well, and the setting itself is gorgeous.

Explanation

Metamorphosis of Butterfly

                Butterfly is the beautiful insect. Before, it had 4 phases called metamorphosis. Those are egg, larva, pupa, and adult animal (butterfly). The first phase is egg. It is white and very small. It takes almost a week to hatch. The larva develops inside the egg and nourishes on the yolk of the egg. Finally, they make a small hole in the egg and emerge on the leaf. Here the second stage begins. The larva of the butterfly is called caterpillar. The caterpillar grows fast feeding on the leaves. In two weeks they become an adult caterpillar. The adult caterpillar has eight pairs of legs. As the caterpillar grows longer it outgrows its skin. It sheds the skin. This process is called molting. In this stage, caterpillar molts its skin around five to six times. The fully-grown adult caterpillar, start crawling away from the plant it was feeding on and keeps crawling till it finds a safe haven to pupate. It makes a silk-like mat on the surface and hangs upside down. The last pair of legs is attached to the silk-like mat. It hangs for one whole day like this and takes the shape of the alphabet "J". Caterpillar sheds its skin for the last time before it moves into the next stage. When the caterpillar enters the third phase, it has already shed its eight pairs of legs and the head capsule, which had housed six eye lenses. The skin of the caterpillar is shed for the final time and the casing takes the color of jade. This casing is called chrysalis. Though initially chrysalis is soft gradually within an hour it hardens to form a protective shell. The pupate of a butterfly is otherwise known as chrysalis. Within the chrysalis the caterpillar slowly turns into a butterfly. There is a transformation-taking place within the pupa. The body parts of the caterpillar disintegrate to form the body parts of the butterfly. The transformation period of chrysalis to butterfly takes around 10 to 15 days. The hardened chrysalis cracks and the butterfly emerge from it. The wings of the butterfly are small and wet. It clings onto the shell of the chrysalis. At this juncture, a life-saving fluid known as hemolymph is pumped into the body of the butterfly. Hemolymph spreads slowly throughout the body and the wings. This helps in enlarging the wings and the body of the butterfly. Remember that the wings are wet and the butterfly is unable to fly. However, within an hour the wings become dry and the butterfly is ready to fly.

Procedure

HOW TO MAKE A CHOCOLATE PUDDING

INGREDIENTS:

• 1 instant chocolate pudding
• 2,5 glass of boiling water
• Strawberry
• Milk

MATERIALS:

• Bowl
• Mixer
• Mold
• Refrigerator
• Plate    

STEPS:

• First, put 1 instant chocolate pudding powder into a bowl.
• Second, add 2,5 glass of boiling water.
• Third, mix the dough of pudding until more viscous with the mixer.
• Fourth, put the viscous pudding into the mold.
• Fifth, let it for 5 minutes.
• Then, put it into the refrigerator for a few minutes.  
• After that, remove the pudding from the refrigerator and put it on a plate.
• Next, adorn it with milk and strawberry.
• Finally, the chocolate pudding is ready to eat.

Hortatory Exposition

Alcohol 

                 Alcohol is a drink containing ethanol and addictive substances. If in consumption will reduce the level of consciousness and become addicted. This drink will attack the nerves in the brain and damage slowly.
                 There are some negative effects of excessive alcohol consumption, among others, are paranoid. Because of addiction, consumers sometimes feel uneasy. So the behavior becomes more violent towards other people around. It also can damage the memory, because it can inhibit the development of alcohol addiction memory and brain cells. What's worse, the brain edema. Brain edema is swelling and blood clogged in brain, thus causing a disruption in the brain normally.
                  From coordination explanations above, we know that liquor is not good for health. As a teenager and the next generation should not consume alcohol. There are many more healthy drinks and halal than alcohol. Say "NO!" To Alcohol.

Discussion

Pros and Cons of Cigarette

                It has long time, pros and cons of cigarette occurring in various elements of society, including government. Actually, various efforts to save the public from the dangers of smoking have been done, but the results are still not optimal.
                There are many negative effects that cause by smoking. Dangers of nicotine in cigarettes threaten the health, not only consumers themselves, but the people around him. Though it is written clearly in cardboard cigarette, smoke can cause various diseases. But people still consume cigarettes.
                On the other hand, if the cigarette factory closed also be detrimental to many parties. Especially owners of factories, thousands of factory workers, and also the government. State revenues from cigarette taxes also will be reduced automatically. If the reduced state revenues, when this country going forward?
               Thus, until now the pros and cons of smoking have not been getting the right solution. And is likely to become more pronounced in the future if the government does not make strict rules.

My Doll

My Doll

 I have a doll. It is a monkey doll. I gave him the name Kunyuk. He always wears a hat, because it is the permanent hat, it cannot be separated. It has two black eyebrows, two eyes, two ears, a nose without holes, and lips that are always smiling. Kunyuk has two hands and four fingers on each hand. Those hands are always hugging banana. In the banana there is words "sweet heart". Kunyuk has two legs and five fingers on each leg. Kunyuk also has the long tail. Kunyuk fur mostly green. But the face, ears, palms, soles of the feet, and banana are yellow. And in the belly is white. Kunyuk does not like to photo. If Kunyuk has photo, kunyuk always showed sullen expression, as if he was very anger.

I am very love Kunyuk. If the long holiday, I bring Kunyuk to my hometown. I cannot spend my time too long without Kunyuk. Kunyuk is a friend to play when I am lonely. Kunyuk is a place to share my stories (curhat). I often talk to Kunyuk. Although I know Kunyuk will never respond to all my words. Kunyuk make me like crazy girl, right? Kunyuk has eyes but cannot see. Kunyuk has ears but cannot hear. Kunyuk has a mouth but cannot talk. Kunyuk has a nose but cannot smell anything. Kunyuk have the body but cannot move. It does not matter. Even so, Kunyuk still be my best friend. I love Kunyuk.

Polar Bear

Polar Bear

The polar bear is an animal that resembles a clean white cotton wadding that huge. His form is very cute and adorable, making people want to have it or just hug it. The polar bear is one of the world's biggest carnivores. It eats seals, sea lions, fish, and birds. The population of these animals scattered throughout the Polar Regions, Alaska, Canada, Russia and Norway. However, the scientists predict, 2/3 of the polar bear populations around the world will be extinct by 2050. The biggest threat is not a polar bear hunt but global climate change. Hudson Bay in Canada is one of the world's polar bear habitats in the most threatened.

Do you know? The weight male polar bear is equal to 10x the weight of an adult human, which is about 800 kg. While the weight of a female polar bear only half the weight of male bear. And high adult polar bear about 2.5 meters. Polar bear have a 10 cm thick fat under the skin. This makes polar bear can survive in extremely cold temperatures. Polar bears are great swimmers. Although it does not have fins like fish, polar bears are capable of swimming as far as 60 miles without stopping. Polar bears swim using front legs, and hind legs act as a rudder. Nostril will close and the eyes will remain open while swimming in the water. Polar bear fur and the body will not get wet. This is because the polar bear has a lot of oil glands in all parts of the skin. Polar bear sense of smell is very sharp. He can smell carcasses of fish as far as 20 miles. He is also able to detect the seal hiding under the thick ice of 1.5 meters. Polar bears will be holding his nose while hunting. It is intended that the perfect disguise. Because only part of the nose is black, while the rest of her color is white. The actual color of a polar bear is not white, but the polar bears fur transparent because it does not have a color pigment. Polar bear fur will be very white and clean during the summer. This is because every summer before the fall polar bear fur and feathers replaced new, white and clean.

narrative text

Raden Kamandaka

Once upon a time, there was a kingdom in West Java called Pajajaran. In the kingdom there was a king named King Siliwangi. King Siliwangi has two wife and five children. One son was Banyak Cotro. At the time of King Siliwangi will step down, he ordered his son to replace them Banyak Cotro. However Banyak Cotro refused on the grounds unmarried. Banyak Cotro therefore requested permission to leave the palace to look for the woman that he craved.

Banyak Cotro started going to Mount Tangkuban Perahu to meet pastor named Ki Ajar Winarong. Banyak Cotro asked the pastor to find a woman his craving. The pastor agreed, but with some conditions. The conditions was Banyak Cotro to be dressed like ordinary people and changed his name to Raden Kamandaka .

After Raden Kamandaka walk for days from Tangkuban Perahu to the East, then came to the territory of the Pasir Luhur. There he found the woman he sought the Dewi Ciptoroso, son of Adipati Kanandoho. They loved each other. But their relationship was not approved. Adipati Kanandoho then sent soldiers to arrest Raden Kamandaka.

Because of the miracle, Raden Kamandaka managed to escape from the soldiers. He plunged into the river with the current until reach the Panagih village. In this village, Raden Kamandaka became a fan of roaster fighting. Each follows the roaster fighting, he always wins. He became very famous, until the news came to the kingdom of Pasir Luhur. Heard this, Adipatih Kandadoho become angry and furious. He ordered his soldiers to catch died or alive Raden Kamandaka .

At that moment, there came a man named Silihwarni who want to serve in the Kingdom of Pasir Luhur. Actually he was the younger brother of Raden Kamandaka, Banyak Ngampar. He assigned his brother to look for one that has not come home.

After that, Silihwarni and the soldiers and their dog went looking Raden Kamandaka to Karang area. This was where the fight occurred between Silihwarni and Raden Kamandaka. Silihwarni managed to stab waist Raden Kamandaka using Kujang pamungkas dagger. However, because of the magic, Raden Kamandaka could escape again.

The place he could escape named the village Brobosan, which means "out of danger." After that, he ran again toward the Bancaran village. He kept running, until he found the royal dogs of Pasir Luhur. That village called Karang  Anjing village. Raden Kamandaka kept running to the east, until he found a dead end. The place was called Buntu village. In the end he stopped at a cave.

Silihwarni and the soldiers managed to find a hiding place Raden Kamandaka. Silihwarni challenging Raden Kamandaka to fight. Raden Kamandaka accepted the challenge, "I'm not afraid to fight with you. Actually, I was Banyak Cotro, king Siliwangi son. I was a true warrior of Pajajaran ." Hearing the confession, Silihwarni also admitted that he is Banyak Ngampar, Banyak Cotro brother. After that, they hugged and apologized. And the cave in the cave called Jatijajar. True knight of Padjadjaran . Kesatria seJATI dari paJAJARan.

After the incident, Silihwarni back to Pasir Luhur kingdom. While Raden Kamandaka remained in the cave to meditate. He was looking for clues in order to stay in the kingdom and marry Dewi Ciptoroso.

After spending a long time to be imprisoned, Raden Kamandaka finally got a clue. He had settled in the Supreme Batur forest, in the southwest of Baturaden. He also had to masquerade as a monkey.

One day, when Adipatih was hunting in the forest, he found a very large and tame monkey. He was very happy, and then brought it home to the kingdom of Pasir Luhur.

After arriving in the kingdom, the daughter fought to maintain these monkey. Over in the kingdom, this monkey will not be fed unless food provision Dewi Ciptoroso. Finally Dewi Ciptoroso who maintain these monkey.

At night, this monkey turned into Raden Kamandaka and in the afternoon turned into monkey again. And just Dewi Ciptoroso who knows the secret. Dewi Ciptoroso was very happy.

One day, Prince of Nusa Kambangan, King Pule Bahas propose marriage to Dewi Ciptoroso. At the time of the meeting bride, King Pule Bahas always disturbed by monkey. He was very angry. Finally, he fights with this monkey. Because of his power, the monkey managed to win the battle with strangling King Pule Bahas.

After King Pule Bahas died, this monkey turned into Raden Kamandaka, complete with clothing Pajajaran kingdom. At that time, he finally admitted that he was actually Banyak Cotro, the son of King Siliwangi. Knowing this, Adipatih Pasir Luhur accepted Banyak Cotro as law. Dewi Ciptoroso very happy with her father’s decision.

However Raden Kamandaka could not replace his father, because he had been defects with a Kujang Pamungkas dagger. Finally, who succeeded his father was Banyak Ngampar. Raden Kamandaka could only be king of Pasir Luhur.

FIN

spoof

Yesterday I was sick. I felt very miserable. I'm holding the head, I felt pain. I hold back, I felt pain. I hold the knee, I also felt the pain. Finally I went to the doctor for check. The doctor said that head, back, and my knee were okay. After checked, my fingers intruding thorn.

Spoof Text

PARACHUTE

At a war equipment store, there was a man who wanted to buy something. But that man confused about what to buy. The seller offers a sophisticated laser gun, but the man refused. In the end, he knows what he's looking for. He asked the seller if there is a parachute in this store. Without further platitude, the seller drove the man to the place-parachute he was looking for. After that, the seller and the man entered the helicopter to try parachute. The helicopter drove by a pilot. After the helicopter was in the air, and the man in the doorway, would plunge, the man asked the salesman, "If the parachute is really safe?" The salesman replied, "Of course. If you die, I will refund your money."

The Bee

             Last night in my room, my roommate asked me to read the script of theatre. When I read in page six, Fina and Jien scream from their room. I was angry because they disturb me. Then they run out from their room to my room for asking help. 

             Fina and Jien told me that there was a bee in their room. The bee was big, as big as thumb. I though they just kidding. Then I was entered their room, bough the broom. My eyes looking for where is the bee. After I saw the bee, I was back to my room and told them that I WAS AFRAID. They were right, the bee was so big. But then I tried again. I entered the room, and the bee was on the cupboard. I tried to make the bee move. But I just made the bee flow around. And I was afraid again. Then Rizkia gave me "baygon". I used it to spray the bee many time, and the bee fall to the floor. Then I hit it with the broom until died.

             Finally Fina and Jien could doing activity in their room again.